PAPRIKA DI PEKARANGAN
Sekali Panen Setengah Ton
Bercocok tanaman paprika secara hidroponik bisa dilakukan di pekarangan. Anda pun bisa memetik 500 kg paprika sekali panen.
Sebagai tanaman subtropics, paprika tumbuh subur pada ketinggian 600-1000 m diatas permukaan laut (dpl). Suhu optimum 16-25oC. unuk mengatur kondisi lingkungan (suhu, cahaya, dan kelembapan), diperlukan green house (rumah kaca).
Menurut Andi, staf perkebunan hidroponik BPPT di Cipanas, suhu dalam rumah kaca 4oC lebih tinggi dari suhu di luar. Bangunan ini juga berfungsi untuk melindungi tanaman dari serangan hama dan cuaca tak bersahabat.
Rangka rumah kaca bisa dibuat dari besi, bambu atau kayu. Dinding dan atapnya dari kaca atau plastik ultra violet (UV). Supaya irit, ya pilih rangka kayu atau bambu dan dindingnya plastik UV.
Sementara media tanamnya bisa arang sekam atau rockwool. Arang sekam lebih murah, mudah didapat. Porositasnya baik, dan sudah bersifat steril.
Benih disemai
Langkah awalnya, lakukan penyemaian benih paprika. Media semai berupa campuran pasir, arang sekam, kompos, dan pupuk kandang (1:1:1:1). Sebelumnya media disiram air panas lalu ditutup plastik agar bebas hama. Lakukan 2-3 kali lalu media semai steril itu dimasukkan ke nampan persemaian berbahan kayu (70x50x10cm).
Permukaan media semai diratakan, dan dibuat alur penanaman. Kedalaman alur 1 cm dan jarak antar alur 1,5 cm. benih ditanam dalam setiap alur dengan jarak antar benih 1 cm. kemudian alur ditutup kompos, bisa juga benih langsung disemai pada soil block – media tanam yang dicetak.
Dipindah ke polibag
Setelah umur dua minggu, atau saat dua daun pertama membuka, bibit bisa dipindah-tanam ke polibag ukuran 5x10 cm. taruh di bawah naungan dan seminggu sekali disiram.
Bibit setinggi 5-12 cm siap dipindah dari polibag kecil ke polibag 30x25 cm berisi arang sekam. Caranya ? bibit dalam polibag kecil disiram air agar tanahnya menggumpal. Lalu polibag diremas-remas biar bibit paprika mudah diangkat untuk dipindah ke polibag besar. Lakukan ekstra hati-hati agar akar tidak patah. Sementara bibit yang disemai di soil black dapat langsung dimasukkan ke polibag.
Polibag ditata zigzag dengan jarak 60 cm diatas rak. Setiap rak terdapat dua barisan polibag. Jarak antar rak 80-100 cm. jika terlalu rapat, pertumbuhan paprika bisa terhambat dan mudah terserang hama dan penyakit.
Perawatan rutin
Penyiraman dilakukan secara manual atau dengan system irigasi drip (tetes). Tanaman paprika membutuhkan 10-15 gelas air per hari (1500-2000 cc). Air itu merupakan larutan hara.
Tanaman berbuah lebat apabila punya dua batang produksi. Cabang terlalu banyak justru dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas panen. Cabang produksi dipilih yang sehat dan jaraknya berjauhan. Pemangkasan perawatan dilakukan dengan membuang daun-daun tak produktif dan bagian tanaman yang sakit.
Seminggu setelah pindah tanam, tanaman paprika diikat agar tidak roboh. Talinya benang kasur atau rafia. Usahakan pengikatan tak mengganggu pertumbuhan.
Agar berbuah lebat, tanaman paprika harus cukup vitamin. Zat pengatur tumbuh Atonik bisa diberikan dengan dosis satu sendok teh per liter air, diberikan tiga hari setelah tanam. Selanjutnya 1-2 kali seminggu.
Saat tanaman mulai berbunga sangat butuh unsur hara fosfor (P) dan Kalium (K), karena itu semprotlah pupuk seminggu sekali. Pupuknya Vitabloom, Dekamon dan Gandasil.
Dua bulan kemudian paprika bisa dipanen. Bila dipanen saat masih hijau, buah harus memiliki ciri-ciri daging sudah tebal, keras, dan mudah dilepas dari tangkai. Tapi jika dipanen masak, daging buah harus tebal dan warna merah merata (80%). Setiap tanaman paprika akan menghasilkan 10-13 buah dengan bobot 200 g per buah. Kalau pekarangan seluas 100 m2, kira-kira bisa panen 500 kg paprika.
Sumber : flona, 2004
CHILI
PAPRIKA IN THE YARD
PAPRIKA IN THE YARD
Once Harvest Half Ton
Paprika plants in hydroponic farming can be done in the yard. You too can reap the harvest was 500 kg of paprika.
As plants subtropics, paprika thrives at an altitude of 600-1000 m above sea level (asl). The optimum temperature 16-25oC.transform and regulate environmental conditions (temperature, light, and humidity), required green house (greenhouse).
Andi said the staff at Cipanas BPPT hydroponic farm, greenhouse temperatures in 4oC higher than the temperature outside. This building also serves to protect crops from pest attacks and unfriendly weather.
Framework of the greenhouse can be made of iron, bamboo or wood. The walls and roof of glass or plastic ultra violet (UV). To be economical, so select a frame of wood or bamboo and plastic walls of UV.
While the media can cropping rice husk or rockwool. Husk charcoal is cheaper, easily obtainable. Good porosity, and it is sterile.
Seed sowing
First step, do the seeding seed peppers. Media seeding a mixture of sand, rice husk, compost, and manure (1:1:1:1). Previous media doused hot water and then closed for pest-free plastic. Do it 2-3 times then the media was put into sterile seedling nursery wooden tray (70x50x10cm).
Seedling media surface flattened, and made investment flows. The depth of the groove 1 cm and 1.5 cm distance between the grooves. seeds planted in each plot with seed spacing of 1 cm.then shut down the flow of compost, can also direct seed sowing in the soil-block - the planting medium is printed.
Transferred to polybags
After two weeks of age, or when the two first leaves open, planting the seeds can be transferred to polybags size 5x10 cm. put in the shade and watered once a week.
5-12 cm tall seedlings ready to be moved from a small polybags into polybags 30x25 cm contains a charcoal husk. The trick?seedlings in small polybags drenched with water for his land to clot. Then knead polybags let seed peppers easily lifted to be moved into large polybags. Make extra careful not to break roots.While sowing the seeds in the black soil can be directly inserted into polybags.
Polybags arranged zigzag with a distance of 60 cm above the shelf. Each rack has two rows of polybags. Distance between shelves 80-100 cm. if too tight, paprika growth may be stunted and susceptible to pests and diseases.
Routine Maintenance
Watering is done manually or with drip irrigation systems (drip).Sweet pepper plants need 10-15 glasses of water per day (1500-2000 cc). Water is a nutrient solution.
Heavy fruiting plants when the stems have two production. Branch too much it can reduce the quantity and quality of crops. Branch selected a healthy production and distance apart. Maintenance pruning is done by removing the leaves of the plant is not productive and the sick.
A week after transplanting, plant is tied up so as not to collapse.The rope yarn or raffia mattress. Try not to disturb the binding of growth.
To be fruitful dense, sweet pepper plants have sufficient vitamins.Atonik growth regulator could be given at a dose of one teaspoon per liter of water, was given three days after planting. Next 1-2 times a week.
When the plants begin flowering in desperate need of nutrient phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), so spray fertilizer once a week.Vitabloom fertilizer, Dekamon and Gandasil.
Two months later peppers can be harvested. If harvested while still green, the fruit must have the characteristics of the meat was thick, hard, and easily removed from the stalk. But when harvested ripe, the fruit must be uniformly thick and red color (80%). Any sweet pepper will produce 10-13 pieces weighing 200 g per fruit. If the garden area of 100 m2, can harvest about 500 kg of paprika.
Source: flona, 2004